APRANET is an example of adaptive or dynamic directory routing. In this each node maintains an awareness of the entire network topology and independently computes the shortest path to each destination node and the final node. Each node is aware of the status of those nodes adjacent to it.
X.25 is an International Telecommunication Union-tele-commuication Standardization. (ITU-T) protocol standard for WAN communications. X.25 network devices fall into three general categories: data terminal equipment (DTE), data circuit terminating equipment (DCE), and packet switching exchange (PSE). DTE are usually terminals, PC or network hosts. DCE devices are communications devices, such as modem and packet switching and PSE are generally located in the carrier’s facilities
Frame relay provides real time communication between end users. Frame relay networks pass frames from origin to destination without intermediate nodes performing packet assembly and disassembly. Frame relay is designed by support data in bursts and provide high speeds. It is not a store-n-forward based technology but rather a bi-directional conversational method of communication. Frame relay operates on multiple principles. These are virtual links, permanent virtual connecters, and the data link connection identifier.
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